IMO #10 - 船舶再循环公约 2009.10.15

船舶再循环公约

 2009.10.15

鉴于世界船队的老化和单壳 VLCC 的退伍在未来的几年中将有大批的旧船被解体.IMO 于2007年开始便着手起草一份可以确保拆船厂工人的安全和对拆船地环保的公约并希这份草稿在2009年MEPC于香港开会时可以通过. 

IMO海上环保组织 (MEPC) 今年5月依期在香港举行会议并立案一条叫:

International Convention for the Safe & Environmentally Sound Recycling

的公约. 5月11日到15日的会议共有63个国家参加. 公约内容大约如下:

   1. 船舶的设计, 建造, 营运和解体时的安全和环保必需更新.

   2. 船舶必需举行初期船上危险物件的检验. 然后于解体前作一次最后检查.

   3. 拆船厂必需根据船的结构提供具体方案,解释进行步骤.

这个新公约将影响到新船的设计和建造成本. 该公约内容和背景的英文版本如下 :

Recycling of ships

The Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009, was adopted in May 2009.

It is aimed at ensuring that ships, when being recycled after reaching the end of their operational lives, do not pose any unnecessary risk to human health and safety or to the environment.

The Convention was adopted at a diplomatic conference held in Hong Kong, China, from 11 to 15 May 2009, attended by delegates from 63 countries.

The new Convention intends to address all the issues around ship recycling, including the fact that ships sold for scrapping may contain environmentally hazardous substances such as asbestos, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, ozone-depleting substances and others. It will address concerns raised about the working and environmental conditions at many of the world's ship recycling locations.

The text of the ship recycling Convention has been developed over the past three years, with input from IMO Member States and relevant non-governmental organizations, and in co-operation with the International Labour Organization and the Parties to the Basel Convention.

Regulations in the new Convention cover: the design, construction, operation and preparation of ships so as to facilitate safe and environmentally sound recycling, without compromising the safety and operational efficiency of ships; the operation of ship recycling facilities in a safe and environmentally sound manner; and the establishment of an appropriate enforcement mechanism for ship recycling, incorporating certification and reporting requirements.

Ships to be sent for recycling will be required to carry an inventory of hazardous materials, which will be specific to each ship. An appendix to the Convention will provide a list of hazardous materials the installation or use of which is prohibited or restricted in shipyards, ship repair yards, and ships of Parties to the Convention. Ships will be required to have an initial survey to verify the inventory of hazardous materials, additional surveys during the life of the ship, and a final survey prior to recycling.

Ship recycling yards will be required to provide a "Ship Recycling Plan", to specify the manner in which each ship will be recycled, depending on its particulars and its inventory. Parties will be required to take effective measures to ensure that ship recycling facilities under their jurisdiction comply with the Convention.

A series of guidelines are being developed to assist in the Convention's implementation.

Entry into force criteria
The Convention shall be open for signature by any State at the Headquarters of the Organization from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2010 and shall thereafter remain open for accession by any State. It will enter into force 24 months after the date on which 15 States, representing 40 per cent of world merchant shipping by gross tonnage, have either signed it without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval or have deposited instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the Secretary General.

Furthermore, the combined maximum annual ship recycling volume of those States must, during the preceding 10 years, constitute not less than 3 per cent of their combined merchant shipping tonnage.

Resolutions adopted by the conference
The conference also adopted six resolutions as follows:

Background

IMO adopted Guidelines on Ship Recycling at the 23rd Assembly in November-December 2003.

At its 53rd session in July 2005, the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) agreed that the IMO should develop, as a high priority, a new instrument on recycling of ships with a view to providing legally binding and globally applicable ship recycling regulations for international shipping and for recycling facilities. MEPC 53 also agreed that the new IMO instrument on ship recycling should include regulations for the design, construction, operation and preparation of ships so as to facilitate safe and environmentally sound recycling, without compromising the safety and operational efficiency of ships; the operation of ship recycling facilities in a safe and environmentally sound manner; and the establishment of an appropriate enforcement mechanism for ship recycling (certification/reporting requirements). MEPC 53 further agreed that the above-mentioned instrument should be completed in time for its consideration and adoption in the biennium 2008-2009.

The IMO Assembly in November-December 2005 subsequently agreed that IMO should develop a new legally-binding instrument on ship recycling. The Assembly resolution A.981(24) New legally-binding instrument on Ship Recycling requests the Marine Environment Protection Committee to develop a new instrument that would provide regulations for:

The aim is to complete the instrument in time for its consideration and adoption in the 2008-2009 biennium. The resolution refers to the urgent need for IMO to contribute to the development of an effective solution to the issue of ship recycling, which will minimize, in the most effective, efficient and sustainable way, the environmental, occupational health and safety risks related to ship recycling, taking into account the particular characteristics of world maritime transport and the need for securing the smooth withdrawal of ships that have reached the end of their operating lives.

The Assembly also adopted amendments to the existing Guidelines on Ship Recycling, relating to the inventory of potentially hazardous materials present in a ship's structure and equipment and the Green Passport for ships.

MEPC 55 outcome

At the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) at its 55th session in October 2006, the MEPC Working Group on Ship Recycling further developed the text of the draft Convention providing globally applicable ship recycling regulations for international shipping and for recycling activities and it agreed to request the IMO Council, at its 98th session (in June 2007), to consider the allocation of a five-day international conference in the 2008-2009 biennium to adopt it.

It is intended that the Convention will provide regulations for:

A correspondence group was established to continue developing the draft convention and related guidelines and it was agreed to hold an intersessional meeting of the Ship Recycling Working Group, ahead of the next MEPC session scheduled for July 2007.

英文版来自 IMO网站