VFB #30 - 新闻和评论

2008-04-22 12:40  浏览次数 2

新闻和评论

2007.01.28

从本期开始在这个最新航运新闻栏目中将会陆续推出一个新的文章叫新闻和评论它是一篇从众多头条新闻之中选出一至二条对同学们学习有关的新闻予以详细的报导和评论,希望同学们可以从这些评论中学到一些新的知识.(为保持新闻报导的本意,多数地方都用原稿).

今天谈的是一条 VLCC 油轮最近发生的意外事件:

新闻-2007/01/09 美国 CNN Tokyo: A U.S. nuclear submarine and Japanese oil tanker collided Monday night in the Arabian Sea. But there were no injuries or serious damages, the U.S. Navy and Japanese government said. ( 1 )

 

The bow of the submarine “Newport News” hit the stern of the tanker “Mogamikawa” near the Strait of Homuz  causing minor damages to the tanker. Japan’s Foreign Ministry said in a release Tuesday.

2007/01/09 K Line news:  K Line’s VLCC  “Mogamikawa”collided with a submarine at 22.45 of 8 Jan.2007 local time, after passing Strait of Homuz. She was sailing for Singapore. She resumed navigation and will call the nearest port for survey although bottom part of ballast tank was damaged. There were no oil leakage and no injury crew.   

2007/01/10 K Line news: “Mogamikawa” arrived at Khor Dakkan of United Arab Emigrates at 13.10 of 9 Jan.2007 local time. Inspection by diver commenced around 15.00. At this moment damages have been found on bottom of ballast tank No.5 which locates about 70 meters ahead of stern on the left.

2007/01/11 K Line news: Inspection by divers resumed in the morning of10/01/07.

Following damages were found:

       Approx. 3.5m x 10.0m of dent with 2 small holes (20 x 10cm and 20 x 40cm)

       Approx. 2m x 4 m of dent with 3 small holes (2 x10 x 5cm and 1x10 x 20cm)

       Approx. 2m x 10m of dent

       All propeller blade edges were found missing approximately 8 cm from tip.

All holes were plugged by temporary repair and flooding to the No.5 ballast tank was stopped. Consequently, Classification society NK issued recommendations that she should arrive shipyard for permanent repair by 9 Feb. after unloading cargo.

She sailed Khor Fakkan at 23.00 of 10 Jan. local time and is bound for Singapore due on 20 Jan. 2007.

新闻内容是说2007/01/08  日本 K-Lines 一条 VLCC 油轮 “Mogamikawa”号在波斯湾之 Strait of Homuz” 被美国海军一条核潜艇撞到,幸好双方损坏不大,没有人员受伤和没有燃油外漏等等

出事地点: 在波斯湾 “Strait of Homuz”.

波斯湾通向阿拉伯海和印度洋之 Homuz 海峡.这是波斯湾出产原油国家出口原油之要道.每天进出船舶非常之多.该海峡宽37海哩最窄处仅21海哩,二条进出通道每条各2海哩宽,中间有条2海哩的缓衡区.( 2,3 and 4)

        

出事时间:  2007/01/08晚上 22.45 点波斯湾当地时间

出事船舶:

日本 VLCC 油轮 (30万吨) “Mogamikawa” 满载开往新坡. ( 5)

美国核子攻击潜艇 “Newport News”. ( 6)

出事原因:

正在佣调查中. 但从油轮所受之损伤位置是在船尾底部来说错处应该是军舰.

军方之preliminary finding of the collision:

Both ships were southbound, crossing the busy and narrow Strait of Homuz while heading into the Arabian Sea.

As the tanker passed over the sub it ended up sucking the sub into it. It is a principle called the Venturi effect.

The depth of water in the strait is about 100 feet. The submarine is 60 feet from keel to the top of periscope, and the submarine must allow 20 feet of water under its keel when submerging, that leaves only 20 feet from the surface of the water.

The VLCC is 300,000 tons in weight, drawing about 60 feet and going at full speed, the momentum of such a mass will suck any smaller object under its hull into its propeller and stern.

According to the Navy there were four other submarine collision in the past six years:

2005/09/05 “Philadelphia” and the Turkish merchant ship met about 02.00 30 miles off the coast of Bahrain.

2005/01/09 “San Francisco” traveling at high speed near Guam, struck an undersea mountain. Killing one sailor.

2002/11/02 “Oklahoma City” struck a Norwegian merchant ship in the west Mediterranean Sea. Commanding officer was relieved

2001/02/09 “Greenville” ran into the Japanese fishing/training ship “Ehime Maru” off the coast of Hawaii. Killing 9 Japanese crew/student. Commanding officer was relieved.

评论:

从以上的意外事件我们可以看到都是人为因素. 大家知道军方的训练都是非常的严格加上值班人员在超过10位以上,在这种严格训练之下 怎么会有这种的意外发生呢?真是百思不解.对这些意外事件得到的教训是在发施命令时一定要小心再小心,一点疏忽都不允许有.对油轮来说这意外是来自水底,可以说是防不胜防. 只好自认倒霉..

从这样意外学到的教训应该是高级船员要有高度警惕性,要具备如何对付意外的发生和善后的工作的能力.这包括尽量避免或减少人员的伤亡, 对环境的污杂, 航道的堵塞和船东的损失等等.

一位资深的船长和新任的船长在做出决定时的思考当然会有差别,处事的方式也不同. 相等的来说中国船长和外国船长也会因种族,文化,教育和工作背景的差异,做出不同的思考和决定. 这可能就是外国公司到目前为止还没有聘用中国高级船员的最大原因.

举个例子: 笔者多年前曾经到伦敦 Lloyds 保险公司为一条新买的二手船购买保险时,代理就说如果船东, 管理公司, 船员和船级社四项之中如有一项是中国藉者,每年保费将较外国公司贵出百分之十. 这种不成文的规则可以说是针对我国航运界的水准不够世界水平而设,因根据保险公司的档案非白人船长将比较容易引起意外事件的发生,同时对处理善后工作也难符合保方的要求,因此导致保险公司付出更多的赔偿费.

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