VFB #248 - 中缅原油管道投运 2017.04.15

2017-04-18 21:47  浏览次数 17
 中缅原油管道投运

2017.04.15

中缅原油管道工程正式投运

2017-4-12

 

近日,远在4000千米外的孟加拉湾畔,一艘运载14万吨原油的苏伊士型油轮,靠泊缅甸皎漂马德岛港。
在中缅原油管道的起点,滚滚原油正在这里卸载,标志着中缅原油管道工程正式投入运行。这一天,《中缅原油管道运输协议》在北京正式签署。

▲410日,在缅甸马德岛港,工作人员帮助卸油臂与油轮原油管口对接。


项目助推中缅能源合作迈进新阶段
至此,中缅两国能源合作领域迈进了新阶段,项目成为孟中印缅经济走廊和中国与东盟国家开展互联互通基础设施建设的重要标志。

据了解,中缅原油管道由中国石油天然气集团公司和缅甸油气公司合资建设,起点位于缅甸西海岸马德岛,全长
771公里,设置站场5座,设计年输量2200万吨,并建设一座规模为30万吨级的原油码头。管道投产后,每年可为缅甸下载2000万吨原油。

项目援助让当地生活产生巨变
中缅油气管道项目启动以来,累计投入2300多万美元在管道沿线开展社会经济援助178个,包括学校、医院、道路、桥梁、供水、供电、通讯等工程,开展水灾、旱灾、冰雹、地震等自然灾害捐赠50多项;大力培养本土化人才,缅籍员工超过70%

中缅原油管道开工以来,马德岛居民终于用上了自来水。图为一位村民到取水点接水。


管道起点的马德岛在项目数年持续援助下,由饮用雨水到村村通自来水,由每天供电3小时到家家户户实现24小时供电,由零公路到几乎村村通公路,由无移动电话信号到装上3G信号通信基站。岛上有了农用柴油车、摩托车,建起了学校、医疗站,居民生活发生了巨大变化。当地居民积极参与项目建设,约有1000人参与工程施工,目前约50人在项目工作,其中10人在重要技术岗位。

项目实现中缅双赢
中缅油气管道项目是中缅两国建交60周年的重要成果和结晶。为一带一路建设以及推进中国与缅甸的互联互通发挥了重要的作用。

其中,天然气管道项目自
20137月投运以来已经安全平稳运行了第5个年头。该项目的投运为中国西南地区经济发展起到了积极推动作用,同时能为缅甸带来包括国家税收、投资分红、路权费、过境费、培训基金等在内的可观经济收益及社会公益,有效带动缅甸石油化工产业发展,提高当地工业化和电气化程度,解决缅甸天然气下游市场难题,增加出口创汇,直接带动社会、经济和就业的发展,提高沿线居民生活水平。

内容来源:人民日报、中新网

印度将于419日开始无限期罢工,出口集装箱或将大面积滞留港口

2017-4-10


印度将于419日开始无限期罢工,此次罢工预计将会影响占印度集装箱贸易总额70%的主要港口,届时出口商或将面临柜子无法卸船、货物滞留港口不能提货的境况,继而产生各种额外的费用。

据了解,印度有法律规定允许不付款不提货不用承担法律责任,而另一方面印度海关只允许
30天堆放,若进口商不申请延期,货物将会被拍卖或弃货。

据悉,印度的退货流程及手续十分繁琐,其拍卖规定也不利于出口商。当货物在港口滞留或无法卸船时,外贸出口商无论是申请退货,还是货物被拍卖,主动权都掌握在印度进口商的手上,都可能被印度不良商人钻了律法的空子,不付款不提货,造成出口商钱货两失,印度不良商人却从中获利。

另据了解,不少外贸出口商在与印度进口商的贸易中遭遇过损失,而印度商人在长期的国际贸易交往中口碑也相对不好,雨果网提醒广大跨境电商卖家及中国外贸企业,近期印度码头罢工的特殊阶段,在与印度进行贸易往来时,需谨慎小心,以防被印度不良商人讹诈。

来源:雨果网

450座冰山打乱大西洋海运

2017-4-9


104年前铁达尼号撞击冰山沉没的北大西洋航道,过去一周来超过400座冰山比正常季节提前近两个月报到,迫使商船须减速「爬行」,或绕道数百海里。

可能严重延误船只的预估到/离港日期(
ETA ETD)及交货时间,扰乱海运。CBS报导,北大西洋航道过去一周来,共有约450座冰山比正常季节提前近两个月报到,数量是往年平均数目的五倍。冰山的定义是指总面积至少500平方公尺,厚度在3050公尺之间的巨型冰块。今年不仅量多,而且来得非常之快。

多数流入北大西洋的冰山来自格陵兰崩解的冰层。宾州大学地球科学中心主任曼恩指出,由于当地出现罕见的逆时针方向(
CCW)强风,把北冰洋的冰山向南吹;也可能是因为全球气候暖化,使格陵兰的冰山加速崩解并向南漂流。

美国海岸防卫队国际冰山巡逻队指出,截至
3日止,纽芬兰大浅滩附近的冰山约达450座,远多于一周前的37座,这种数量通常要到每年5月底、6月初时才会出现,相较下,历年来此时的平均冰山数为80座。由于这片海域相当接近1912年铁达尼号船难的现场,往来船只对突然增加的冰山莫不小心翼翼。往来北大西洋的商船无法走直线越过大洋,必须多绕约400海里,对许多大型货轮而言相当于增加一天半的航行时间。一些航运公司现在已经避开部分北大西洋航线。

加拿大
Oceanex公司驶往圣璜港的货轮减速到3-4节(即时速3-4海里),比正常航速约20节缓慢许多,公司估计可能会增加1天的航行时间;还有一艘货轮因撞到冰山,被迫退出营运。业者指出,诸项成本因此而大幅增加,包括必须消耗更多燃油,拉长运送时间,且容易使设备受损。

来源:经济日报

 

中国巨额投资复活瓜达尔港,还需面对挑战

2017-4-10


一个人口不足10万的小渔港,吸引了中国的巨额投资。瓜达尔港有着改变欧亚大陆能源和贸易格局的潜力,但其通往繁荣之途仍需披荆斩棘

阿拉伯海畔的瓜达尔港及其背靠的中巴经济走廊是一个备受争议的
现象级项目,支持者赞赏其地理位置将极大改善中国的能源安全环境,并成为新的贸易中转中心;批评者则引述巴基斯坦国内复杂的政治、安全形势,质疑中国巨额的投资能否收回收益,抑或根本就打了水漂。

无论其优劣几何,这个提出近四年的大战略已经被视为
一带一路战略构想的旗舰样板项目,是一带一路下对单个国家投资增量最大的项目。中巴经济走廊还是巴基斯坦建国以来最大的经济发展规划,这个西部邻国的稳定对中国边陲地区的安定更具有无法用钱财衡量的价值。中国以经济发展根治宗教极端主义的理念将在中巴经济走廊被试验。

开弓没有回头箭,对于已经投入了巨资并开始取得早期项目成果的中巴经济走廊,更值得进行深入研究,预防各种潜在风险。

基础设施落后、电力淡水等基本作业资源匮乏、经济基础薄弱、政策制定或缓慢或混乱,这些是中国在经济欠发达国家绕不开的难题;巴国内各党派出于地方利益之争对中巴经济走廊进行掣肘,整体安全形势恶劣打击投资者信心,则是在巴基斯坦特别突出的问题;巴基斯坦还处在南亚主导权争夺的地缘政治大漩涡中。

目前中巴经济走廊项目仍然主要由中方出资,更长远来看,当中国铺设好基本的基础设施,还需要更多的参与者,才能构成一个可以自我运转的经济生态,仅靠中国单方面输血不可持续。若想吸引更多外国投资者,需要等待巴基斯坦的经济基本面被盘活,还需假以时日。
——
编者
从代表公司在
2014年驻守瓜达尔港以来,陆小飞(应受访者本人要求,在本文中使用化名)已经记不清接待过多少拨前来访问的客人了,但是每一次对于安全护卫他都必须一丝不苟,毕竟瓜达尔港处在巴基斯坦最不安宁的俾路支斯坦省腹地。

瓜达尔港紧邻伊朗和巴基斯坦边境,扼守着霍尔木兹海峡通往阿拉伯海的海上通道,这条通道目前承担着全球
40%的原油供应。若瓜达尔港建成并投入商用,中国从波斯湾地区进口的原油和天然气可以直接从瓜达尔登陆,或直接通过管道运往中亚地区和中国西部,或在瓜达尔当地进行冶炼和加工后再运往中国及世界其他地区。

瓜达尔对于中国的意义不仅是一条能源战略通道。它位于中国提出的
丝绸之路经济带海上丝绸之路的正中央,随着陆地交通条件的改善,瓜达尔将有可能成为全球贸易的一个新的中转站。在中巴经济走廊的布局中,与瓜达尔港平行的能源、交通基础设施和产业合作均为覆盖巴全国范围的经济发展规划,仅有瓜达尔港一项将投资集中在总人口不足10万的西南边陲渔村。

复活瓜达尔港
2016
1112日,由60多辆货车组成的中巴经济走廊联合贸易车队经过15天的行程,跨越3115公里,经过巴基斯坦西部首次通过陆路联通中国新疆的喀什市和瓜达尔港,这批货物在瓜达尔港装船后出口至包括中东和非洲在内的海外市场。中巴经济走廊正在从概念转变为现实。

在我们刚接手瓜港时,从卡拉奇飞来的航班上每次只有几个人。如今,到瓜达尔的机票是一票难求,绝大多数是前来考察投资机会的巴基斯坦商人和中国代表团。
瓜达尔国际码头有限公司副总经理尚飞向《财经》记者介绍说。

2013
2月中国港控正式接手瓜达尔港的运营权,那时瓜达尔港满目疮痍,港口机械因年久失修无法使用,储油罐全部锈掉,如山的垃圾堆满了港口。中方人员面临的第一项艰巨任务就是清理这些老旧的设备和垃圾。此前,瓜达尔港的运营权掌握在新加坡港务集团(PSA)手中。PSA2007年通过国际招标取得了瓜达尔港40年的运营权。由于巴国内安全局势不稳、连接港口与巴国内城市的基础设施条件不足、港口运营市场开发不力等诸多因素,PSA管理期间的瓜达尔港一直未能达到预期,巴政府在20131月底正式批准将该港运营权移交给中国港控。

20166月底,瓜达尔港已具备基本作业能力,大批建设物资和大型工程机械开始陆续通过远洋货轮运抵瓜达尔。此前,大部分的物资和车辆都是先运到卡拉奇,再经过600多公里的沿海公路到达瓜达尔。

中国港控还在港口安装了日生产能力为
500吨淡水的海水淡化设施,并在港口内部埋设了全套的供水和排水系统。这些淡水不仅能够满足港口内施工和生活的基本用水,还可以每月定量向附近居民免费分发淡水。

前期投资的拉动效应已经初显效果。
2015511日,中远航运开辟了首条途经瓜达尔的航线,将瓜达尔本地生产的海鲜产品首次经由瓜达尔港出口至迪拜,然后再运送货物返回中国。接下来港区的重点任务将是培训港口内的作业团队,将专业的现代化港口作业知识传授给巴方人员。


2005年瓜达尔港建成交付,到2013年又购回瓜港的经营权,很多人认为中国白白浪费了八年的时光,但是王小平的看法有些不同。中国港控与瓜达尔港务局签署的协议与2007PSA拿到的政策优惠条件完全相同,“PSA不愧是有丰富管理经验的大型公司,当初如果让我们与巴方去谈,不可能获得这么多优惠条件,甚至PSA对港口和自由区运营及管理的公司架构设置,我们都原封未动地照搬了过来。
 

(本文为中国人民大学重阳金融研究院、《财经》杂志中巴经济走廊调研课题组成果,  《中巴经济走廊实地调研报告》另外两位执笔人周戎、刘英对本文亦有贡献)

(本文首刊于
201743日出版的《财经》杂志)

来源:微信公众号
财经杂志 记者 郝洲 袁雪/编辑

CHARTERING- Tanker (2017-04-13)

CRUDE

The VLCC market saw an upswing in activity both ex Meg and Atlantic which again resulted 1st in a halt to the recent declining market and then during the last few days a firmer trend in owners favour. Presently abt 100 VLCCs are recorded fixed ex MEG, but with a fair selection of about 60 available units within the month depending on ballast speed, there should be sufficient tonnage available. In the Atlantic tonnage coming open in Nsea and USG has being fixed by natural positions leaving Wafr cargoes to ballasters from the east taking away some of the MEG surplus. All things considered the last week for the Suezmaxes could be described as lacklustre. The only area with fairly consistent activity was the Bsea with the 2nd decade stems picking off candidates at last done levels. Meanwhile Wafr had a smattering of cargoes in the mid-month window, really sparse volume for the owners to grasp onto. This week commenced with a hollow tone charterers sat back on the 3rd decade stems in Wafr taking the wind out of the owners sails and it is only today we have really started to see some action, as we write ws80 has been fixed for Ukcm jolting the market downwards. The short-term outlook is fairly bleak for owners with a light third decade courtesy of the VLCCs the question is where will it bottom? Could we see S.maxes adopting the slow steaming tactic to conserve bunkers adopted by their larger cousins, that remains to be seen. Nsea and Baltic Aframaxes softened further this week, as the X-Nsea and Baltic FO market activity has been close to non-existent these last 7 days. At the time of writing charterers are meeting some resistance trying to repeat last done levels, and rates should strengthen marginally going forward. This week in the Med and Bsea the rates have softened to ws115. After last week’s mini-rush we are now facing a market with approximately 25 prompt ships. Even fog in the Bosphorus, and maintenance in Trieste combined with heavy delays in Fos, will not be enough to help the owners at the moment. As such, the rates will continue to be under pressure.

CHARTERING- Dry bulk (2017-04-13)

CAPE

With China, Taiwan and HK off for the first two days of this week for Tomb sweeping, it was always going to be a slow start, leading to the market, especially on C3 to take a downturn. Talk of low 14’s now concluded for 1-10 May dates for that does not instill many with confidence, however there is the hope that this is just a temporary blip down to the quietness in the market. W.Aussie/China understandably is also being concluded at reduced levels, with mid april dates being fixed in the low 6’s pmt. FFA has been drifting off all week leading to diminished appetite from operators for period, or at least reduced bids being shown for short period upto 1 year.

PANAMAX

Market has continued the firm sentiment from last week in both hemispheres. Nevertheless, the market seems to have taken a breather with a softer tone last couple of days as China been away. Grains out of ECSA still active and providing support to market fundamentals both in the Pac and Atl. TA increased to ard USD 12k and Fhaul concluded at ard USD 17k. Baltic/FEast done at mid 19k early week. Pac have decreased to high 10k’s for rounds with ECSA cgos still paying ard USD 12k. Force majeure in major Aussie ports creating negative sentiment in the Pac. FFA's decreased slightly w-o-w. Is it an underlying trend that grain houses are short on paper in order to cover their physical biz which contributes to pull it down?

SUPRAMAX

With holidays in Asia, the week has started very slow in Pacific. Some fixtures has still been done and levels have remained quite stable. Ultras are fixing ca USD 10k for Indo/China coal trips with delivery S.China, while Nopac rounds are being talked around high USD 9k/10k. Supras open WCI achieving around 11k for trips to China and arnd USD 11k-12k dop WCI via MEG to India. Holidays seemed to also affect Atl market, where few new orders surfaced, but rates remained stable. Good activity from Cont to USG, where Supras fixed to USG at high 12k. Same from Bl.Sea around 7-8k/day. Some fertz cargoes from Baltic to Brazil where done around 9-10k.Usual grain cargoes from USG to Far East where fixed around 16-17k.

CHARTERING (2017-04-13)

GAS

The good steam in the VLGC market has disappeared this week, and the freight market has gone very quiet indeed. This is probably caused by both Asian holidays this week, but also by a well attended LPG seminar taking place in Houston most of this week. We can also assume that the freight market is influenced by changes in pricing where both posted and more so delivered prices have taken a rather big drop recently. Therefore market players seems to sit back and wait for some sort of stabilization as well as suppliers’ acceptances of nominations before they make their moves. The Baltic VLGC index halted its 3 weeks’ positive development a couple of days ago and started coming off on assumed weakness as the market went quiet. We do not believe that the market is going much down now as we see independent owners in control of practically all vessels showing open over the next few weeks. Two VLGC newbuildings, no 4 and 5 so far in 2017 were delivered from their respective builders a few days ago which means 23 are left to be delivered this year. It has been very quiet around new orders of VLGCs lately, however, it will not be surprising to see some orders placed some time this summer (for delivery late 2019/2020) when the yard quotations should be at the lowest for a while.

2017/04/15船用燃油价格(每/usd)

来源: Bunkerworld

                                IFO 380           __IFO 180            MDO           MGO    

新加坡                       326                     353                   495              503

鹿特丹                       304                     331                   -----              473

休士顿                       293                     393                   -----              495

*****************************************************************************************************          

备注:     tbn         = to be named                       ldt          = light d/weight ton

usd        = u.s.dollar                           mtpa        = million ton per annum               

cbm       =cubic meter                           tpa        =million metric ton per annu

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